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Hemodynamics

Blood pressure and the EKG are fundamental parameters in the assessment of an animal's phenotype and physiological status. We can obtain blood pressures and electrocardiogram (EKG) for you from mice and rats using a variety of invasive or non-invasive methods.

1. The tail cuff method can provide a screening for systolic and mean arterial pressure in awake, but restrained animals.
2. Arterial catheterizations provide a more comprehensive and accurate measure of pressures from anesthetized animals. Along with the EKG, Millar catheters and Doppler flow probes, we can provide you with continuous arterial, venous, ventricular pressures, heart rates, EKG analysis, stroke volumes, cardiac outputs and indices of contractility (dP/dT) from your animals. Furthermore we can infuse drugs or blockers of your choosing during the study to alter the conditions. For example, the infusion of inotropic agents such as dobutamine and isoproterenol will transiently increase pressures and stress the system.
3. Implantable radio telemetry devices provide the highest quality continuous measurement of arterial pressure along with heart rate and cage activity in awake, free-roaming animals for weeks at a time. See the telemetric recording page for more details.